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Irvin McDowell
Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885)〔Dupuy, p. 468; Eicher, p. 378.〕 was a career American army officer. He is best known for his defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large-scale battle of the American Civil War.
==Early life==
McDowell was born in Columbus, Ohio, son of Abram Irvin McDowell and Eliza Seldon McDowell.〔(Land of the Buckeye genealogy website )〕 He was a cousin-in-law of John Buford,〔Eicher, pp. 105-6.〕 and his brother, John Adair McDowell, served as the first colonel of the 6th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the Civil War.〔 Irvin initially attended the College de Troyes in France before graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1838, where one of his classmates was P.G.T. Beauregard, his future adversary at First Bull Run. He was commissioned a second lieutenant and posted to the 1st U.S. Artillery. McDowell served as a tactics instructor at West Point, before becoming aide-de-camp to General John E. Wool during the Mexican-American War. He was brevetted captain at Buena Vista and served in the Adjutant General's department after the war. While in that department he was promoted to major on May 31, 1856.〔
Between 1848 and 1861, McDowell generally served as a staff officer to higher-ranking military leaders, and developed experience in logistics and supply. He developed a close friendship with General Winfield Scott while serving on his staff. He also served under future Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.〔"(Irvin McDowell )", Ohio History Central; accesses 2011.08.30.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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